1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Answer: (b) Cement
(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
Answer: (b) SAIL
(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
Answer: (a) Aluminium
(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronics
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
Answer: (b) Electronics
2. Answer the following questions briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
Answer:Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw material to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of an industry.
Answer: The physical factors that influence that location of industries are as follows :
(a) Availability of raw materials
(b) Power resources
(c) Water
(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
Answer: Human factors influencing the location of industries are :
(a) Labour
(b) Capital
(c) Market
(iv) What are basic industries ? Give an example.
Answer: Basic or key industries are those which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods. Example, iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting.
(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement ?
Answer: Cement industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Apart from raw materials, coal and electric power is needed to provide energy for working of the plants.
3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent development have led to a rise in the production capacity?
Answer: Mini steel plants are smaller, have electric and induction furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron as raw material. They may have re-rollers manufacturing bar and rods. They produce mild and alloy steel. Whereas, an integrated steel plant is large and handles everything in one complex from assembling raw material and melting of iron ore in the blast furnace to steel making, rolling and shaping.
Problems faced by the industry:
(i) High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
(ii) Lower productivity of labour.
(iii) Irregular supply of energy.
(iv) Poor infrastructure.
Liberation and Foreign Direct investment have given a boost to the Industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer: Air pollution: Smoke emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms cause enormous pollution. Toxic gas leaks from factories are extremely hazardous.
Water pollution: The main culprits in this regard are paper, chemical textiles and dyeing, petroleum
refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. They let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into water bodies.
Land pollution: Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
Noise pollution: It is by industrial and construction activities, machineries and factory equipments, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills.
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industries?
Answer: (a) Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(b) harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirement.
(c) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
(d) Smoke can be reduces by using oil and gas instead of coal in factories.
(e) Machinery and generators should be fitted with silencers.
(f) Waste materials and garbage should be recycles and not dumped anywhere.
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