EXERCISE
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
Answer: (d) Non-renewable
(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Abiotic
(c) Human-made
(d) Non-recyclable
Answer: (a) Replenishable
(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intense cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing
Answer: (c) Over irrigation
(iv) In which one of the following states is the terrace cultivation practiced?
(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(d) Uttarakhand
Answer: (d) Uttrarakhand
(v) In which one of the following states is the black soil found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
Answer: (b) Gujarat
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Answer: The states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Karnataka have black soil. The crop which is mainly grown in it is cotton.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer: The deltas made by east flowing rivers on Eastern Coastal plain have alluvial soil. Main features of this soil are:
(a) It is a most fertile soil having chemicals like lime, potash and phosphoric acid.
(b) This is most widely spread and important soil.
(c) This soil is ideal for growing sugarcane, paddy and other cereals.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Answer: In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour-lines, making use of terrace farming techniques and using strips of grasses to check soil erosion by wind and water.
(iv) What are biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Answer: Biotic Resources - The resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life are called Biotic Resources. For example, animals and plants, etc.
Abiotic Resources: The resources which are composed of non-living things are called Abiotic Resources. For example, water, minerals, metals, etc.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much from 1960-61?
Answer: Land-use pattern in India is as follows:
1. About 46.24% area is the net sown area in the country.
2. Forests occupy about 22.78% of the reporting area.
3. The cultivable waste land accounts for nearly 5.17% of the area.
4. The fallow land covers about 8% of the total area.
5. Permanent pastures and grazing land cover 3.38% and tree crops cover only 1.11%.
6. The land not available for cultivation is nearly 8.61% of the total area.
The main causes for not increase in in land under forest are -
1. Growing human population
2. Urbanization
3. Industrialisation
4. Deforestation
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Answer: Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources on account of various factors such as:
1. Technological development provides sophisticated equipments. As a result, production increases ultimately leading to consumption of more resources.
2. Technological development also leads to economic development. When the economic condition of a country rises, the needs of people also rise. It again results into more consumption of resources.
3. Economic development provides favourable environment for the development of latest technologies. It helps to make or convert various materials found around us into resources. Finally, it results into the consumption of new available resources too.
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